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Table 1 Photoactivation methods used in this study

From: Photoinitiator concentration and modulated photoactivation: influence on polymerization characteristics of experimental composites

Photoactivation method*

Protocol (Irradiance and Exposure time)

Continuous high intensity (HI)

700 mW/cm2 during 40 s

Continuous low intensity (LI)

150 mW/cm2 during 186 s

Soft start (SS)

150 mW/cm2 during 10 s + 700 mW/cm2 during 38 s

Pulse delay (PD)

150 mW/cm2 during 10 s + 3 minutes light off + 700 mW/cm2 during 38 s

  1. *The radiant exposure was standardized in 28 J/cm2 for all groups. The light curing unit used was XL2500 (3 M/ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA).
  2. †The reduction on irradiance was obtained using a standard separators calibrated to reduced the irradiance from 700 to 150 mW/cm2.