Surface analytical approaches contributing to quality assurance during manufacture of functional interfaces

Applied Adhesion Science

Table 2 Concentrations of elements in an approximately 0.01 micrometer thin surface region, given in atom %, as obtained applying XPS

Sample	Zn	Fe	Mn	Cr	Ca	Si	Cl	S	P	O	N	C	[Fe ⁰ ]/[Fe ^ox ]	[Cr ⁰ ]/[Cr ^ox ]
SAE steel, as-received and cleaned	1.1	12.5	4.0	-	0.7	1.2	0.5	0.2	0.3	46.4	0.5	32.5	0.03	-
SAE steel, ground, 1 min in air	-	29.4	0.2	-	-	-	-	-	-	41.6	-	28.8	0.44	-
Steel 1.4301, as-received and cleaned	0.5	6.7	0.5	2.3	1.2	-	1.2	0.4	-	32.3	1.4	53.0	0.15	0.08
Steel 1.4301, ground, 1 min in air	-	20.5	2.2	7.9	-	-	-	-	-	37.3	1.2	30.9	0.41	0.30
Steel 1.4301, ground, 30 min in air	-	22.4	2.5	7.8	-	-	-	-	-	38.8	1.1	27.4	0.37	0.30
Steel 1.4301, ground, 4 h in air	-	18.1	1.7	6.7	-	-	-	-	-	41.2	0.6	31.7	0.28	0.25

The indicated values are due to averaging the results in two positions per sample, and signal ratios are given between metal-related and oxidized iron and chromium species.