Table 1 Materials tested, brand name, manufacturer and composition

HF

IPS ceramic etching gel

Ivoclar Vivadent

Hydrofluoric acid 2.5 to < 7%

Silane

Silane

Ultradent

Methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane; isopropyl alcohol

Ceramic

IPS e.max CAD

Ivoclar Vivadent

SiO₂; Li₂O; K₂O; P₂O₅; ZrO₂; ZnO; Al₂O₃; MgO; Colouring oxides

Adhesive

Optibond FL (bottle #2)

Kerr Corp.

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate; 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate; 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl bismethacrylate; alkali fluorosilicates(Na)

Regular composite resin

Z100

3M ESPE

Bis-GMA and TEG-DMA; inorganic matrix; zirconia/silica

Flowable composite resin

Filtek supreme ultra

3M ESPE

Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, and bis-EMA; inorganic matrix: zirconia/silica