Table 1 List of materials used in this study

Biodentine™

Septodont, St-Maur-des-Fossés, France

Tricalcium silicate cement

Powder: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium carbonate and oxide filler, iron oxide, zirconium oxide radio-opacifier

Liquid: calcium chloride accelerator hydrosoluble polymer water-reducing agent

Lot B20698

GC Fuji IX GP Capsule A2

GC CORPORATION, Tokyo, Japan

Glass ionomer cement for posterior restoration

Powder: fluoroalumino-silicate glass, polyacrylic acid powder

Liquid: polyacrylic acid, Polybasic carboxylic acid

Lot 1705021

G-aenial Universal Flo

GC CORPORATION, Tokyo, Japan

Resin composite

The resin-based matrix contains approximately 31% wt of urethane dimethacrylate, BisMEPP, TEGDMA. The filler system contains approx. 69% wt (or 50% vol) of silicon dioxide (16 nm), strontium glass (200 nm), and pigment. There is a trace amount of photoinitiator

Lot 1612011

Optibond FL

Kerr Dental

3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive

Primer:

2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate

ethanol

2-[2 (methacryloyloxy) ethoxycarbonyl] benzoic acid

glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate

Lot 6505087

Adhesive:

2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate

3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate

2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl bismethacrylate

alkali fluorosilicates (Na)

Lot 6489951

Henry Schein Etch Gel 40%

Henry Schein

Etchant gel

40% phosphoric acid by weight

Lot (10) H013873A